Ma kahi kokoke i 9W mau hui i pani ʻia, a ua pani ʻia ka nui o nā hale hana ...

Ma kahi kokoke i 9W mau hui i pani ʻia, a ua pani ʻia ka nui o nā hale hana ...

Ma muli o nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, nā mea hana haʻahaʻa, a me ke kākoʻo kulekele, ua huki ʻo Vietnam i nā hui ʻē aʻe e kūkulu i nā hale hana ma Vietnam i nā makahiki i hala.Ua lilo ka ʻāina i hoʻokahi o nā kikowaena hana nui o ka honua, a aia nō hoʻi ka manaʻo e lilo i "hale hana honua aʻe"..Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana hana, ua piʻi pū ka hoʻokele waiwai o Vietnam, a lilo i ʻehā o ka ʻoihana nui loa ma Asia Hema.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka maʻi ahulau i hoʻokumu i ka hoʻomohala waiwai o Vietnam e kū i nā pilikia nui.ʻOiai he mea kakaʻikahiʻāina hoʻohālike no ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi ahulauma mua, ua loaʻa ʻo Vietnamkūleʻa ʻolei kēia makahiki ma lalo o ka hopena o ka maʻi Delta.

Ma kahi kokoke i 90,000 mau hui i pani ʻia, a ʻoi aku ma mua o 80 mau hui US "ua ʻeha"!Ke kū nei ka hoʻokele waiwai o Vietnam i nā pilikia nui

Ma ʻOkakopa 8, ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe koʻikoʻi ma Vietnam ma muli o ka hopena o ka maʻi ahulau, ʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai o kēia makahiki he 3% wale nō, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka 6%.

ʻAʻole kumu ʻole kēia hopohopo.Wahi a nā helu helu o ka Vietnam Statistics Bureau, i nā hapaha mua ʻekolu o kēia makahiki, ma kahi o 90,000 mau hui i hoʻokuʻu i ka hana a i ʻole ka banekorupa, a ʻo 32,000 o lākou ua hoʻolaha mua i ko lākou hemo ʻana, he piʻi o 17.4% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka manawa like i hala. makahiki..ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka wehe ʻole ʻana o nā hale hana o Vietnam i ko lākou mau puka, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia wale i ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka ʻāina, akā "pili" pū kekahi i nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe i kau i nā kauoha.

Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hōʻike ʻana he ʻino loa ka ʻikepili waiwai o Vietnam i ke kolu o ka hapaha, ʻo ka mea nui no ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi i kēia manawa, ua koi ʻia nā hale hana e pani, ua koi ʻia nā kūlanakauhale e hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a ua paʻakikī nā mea kūʻai aku ...

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Zhou Ming, ka mea hana i nā kelepona paʻa lima ʻelua a me nā mea kelepona paʻa lima ma Hanoi, Vietnam, ʻaʻole hiki ke kūʻai ʻia kāna ʻoihana ponoʻī ma ka home, no laila i kēia manawa hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he ola kumu.

"Ma hope o ka puka ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia kaʻu ʻoihana he pōʻino loa.ʻOiai hiki ke hoʻomaka ʻia ka hana ma nā wahi ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi ka maʻi ahulau, ua kaupalena ʻia ke komo ʻana a me ka puka ʻana o nā waiwai.ʻO nā mea hiki ke puka i waho o ka dute i loko o ʻelua a ʻekolu mau lā ua hoʻopanee ʻia i ka hapalua mahina a i hoʻokahi mahina.I Dekemaba, ua emi maoli ke kauoha.

Ua hōʻike ʻia mai ka waena o Iulai a i ka hopena o Kepakemapa, ua pani ʻia ka 80% o nā hale lole kāmaʻa a me ka hapalua o kāna mau hale lole lole ma Vietnam hema.ʻOiai ua wānana ʻia e hoʻomaka hou ka hale hana i nā hana i ʻOkakopa, e mau ana ia i mau mahina no ka hale hana e hele i ka hana piha.Hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka lawa ʻole o ka lako, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka loaʻa kālā o ka ʻoihana i ka hapaha mua o ka makahiki kālā 2022 ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo CFO Matt Friede, "Ua nalowale ʻo Nike ma kahi o 10 mau pule o ka hana ʻana ma Vietnam, kahi i hoʻokumu ai i kahi ʻāpana waihona."

Ma waho aʻe o Nike, Adidas, Coach, UGG a me nā hui ʻē aʻe o US me nā hana hana nui ma Vietnam ua hoʻopilikia ʻia.

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I ka wā i hopu nui ʻia ai ʻo Vietnam i ka maʻi ahulau a ua hoʻopau ʻia kāna kaulahao lako, ua hoʻomaka nā hui he nui e "noʻonoʻo hou": Ua pololei anei ka neʻe ʻana i ka mana hana i Vietnam?Ua ʻōlelo kekahi luna o kahi hui multinational, "Ua lawe ʻia i 6 mau makahiki e kūkulu i kahi kaulahao lako ma Vietnam, a he 6 mau lā wale nō e haʻalele ai."

Ke hoʻolālā nei kekahi mau ʻoihana e hoʻihoʻi i kā lākou hana hana i Kina.No ka laʻana, ua ʻōlelo ka Luna Nui o kahi hōʻailona kāmaʻa ʻAmelika, "ʻO Kina kekahi o nā wahi liʻiliʻi o ka honua kahi e loaʻa ai nā waiwai."

Me ka maʻi ahulau a me ka hoʻokele waiwai e kani ana i ka alarm, hopohopo ʻo Vietnam.

Ma ka lā 1 o ʻOkakopa, e like me ka TVBS, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, ua haʻalele i ka zero reset a hoʻolaha i ka hāpai ʻana i ka blockade anti-epidemic i nā mahina ʻekolu i hala iho nei, e ʻae ana i nā paka ʻoihana, nā hana kūkulu, nā hale kūʻai kūʻai, a me nā hale ʻai e hoʻomaka hou i nā hana. .Ma ʻOkakopa 6, ua ʻōlelo kekahi kanaka i kamaʻāina i kēia mea: "I kēia manawa ke hoʻomau nei mākou i ka hana."Ua ʻōlelo kekahi mau manaʻo e hoʻoholo paha kēia i ka pilikia o ka neʻe ʻana o ka hale hana o Vietnam.

ʻO ka nūhou hou loa ma ʻOkakopa 8 e hōʻike ana e hoʻomau ke aupuni Vietnamese e hoʻoikaika i ka mea kanu ma ka Nen Tak Second Industrial Zone ma Dong Nai Province e hoʻokuʻu i ka hana no 7 mau lā, a e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka manawa hoʻomaha a hiki i ʻOkakopa 15. ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā hui Iapana ma nā hale hana ma kēia wahi e hoʻonui ʻia i 86 mau lā.

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ʻO ka mea e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, i ka wā o ka pani ʻana o ʻelua mahina o ka hui, ua hoʻi ka hapa nui o nā limahana Vietnamese i ko lākou ʻāina hānau, a he mea paʻakikī i nā hui ʻē aʻe ke loaʻa i nā limahana inā makemake lākou e hoʻomau i ka hana i kēia manawa.Wahi a Baocheng Group, kahi mea hana kāmaʻa kaulana i ka honua, ʻo 20-30% wale nō o kāna mau limahana i hoʻi i ka hana ma hope o ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ka hui i ka leka hoʻomaka.

A he microcosm wale nō kēia o ka hapa nui o nā hale hana ma Vietnam.

ʻO ka hemahema ʻelua o nā limahana kauoha e paʻakikī i nā ʻoihana e hoʻomaka i ka hana

I kekahi mau lā i hala aku nei, ke mākaukau nei ke aupuni Vietnam e hoʻomaka hou i ka hana waiwai.No nā ʻoihana lole lole, ʻaʻahu a me nā kāmaʻa o Vietnam, ke kū nei ʻo ia i ʻelua mau pilikia nui.ʻO kekahi ka hemahema o nā kauoha hale hana a ʻo kekahi ka hemahema o nā limahana.Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ke noi a ke aupuni Vietnam no ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka hana a me ka hana ʻana o nā ʻoihana ʻo ia ka poʻe limahana i nā ʻoihana e hoʻomau i ka hana a hoʻomau i ka hana ʻana i nā wahi maʻi ʻole, akā aia kēia mau hale hana i nā wahi maʻi maʻi, a ʻaʻole hiki i nā limahana ke hoʻi. e hana.

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ʻOi aku ma ka hema o Vietnam, kahi i ʻoi aku ka maʻi o ka maʻi maʻi, ʻoiai inā aia ka maʻi maʻi i ʻOkakopa, paʻakikī ke hoʻihoʻi i nā limahana mua e hana.Ua hoʻi ka hapa nui o lākou i ko lākou ʻāina hānau e pale i ka maʻi ahulau;no nā limahana hou, ma muli o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka quarantine kaiapuni ma Vietnam, Ua kapu loa ka holo ʻana o nā limahana, a he paʻakikī maoli ka loaʻa ʻana o nā limahana.Ma mua o ka hopena o ka makahiki, ʻo ka hapa o nā limahana ma nā hale hana Vietnamese he kiʻekiʻe e like me 35% -37%.

Mai ka puka ʻana mai o ka maʻi ahulau a hiki i kēia manawa, ua nalowale loa nā kauoha hoʻopuka huahana kāmaʻa o Vietnam.Ua hōʻike ʻia ma ʻAukake, ma kahi o 20% o nā kauoha hoʻopuka huahana kāmaʻa i nalowale.I ka malama o Sepatemaba, ua poho o 40%-50%.ʻO ke kumu, lawe ʻia ka hapalua makahiki mai ke kūkākūkā a hiki i ke kau inoa ʻana.Ma kēia ʻano, inā makemake ʻoe e hana i ke kauoha, ʻo ia ka makahiki ma hope.

I kēia manawa, ʻoiai inā makemake ka ʻoihana kāmaʻa Vietnam e hoʻomau i ka hana a me ka hana ʻana, ma lalo o ke kūlana o ka hemahema o nā kauoha a me ka hana, paʻakikī i nā hui ke hoʻomau i ka hana a me ka hana ʻana, e hoʻomaka hou i ka hana ma mua o ke ahulau.

No laila, e holo hou ke kauoha i Kina?

I ka pane ʻana i ka pilikia, ua hoʻohana nui nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe iā Kina ma ke ʻano he hīnaʻi palekana palekana

Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hale hana ʻo Vietnam o Hook Furnishings, kahi hui waiwai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ʻAmelika, mai ʻAukake 1. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Paul Hackfield, hope pelekikena o ke kālā, "ʻAʻole maikaʻi loa ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o Vietnam, a ua mākaukau ke aupuni e pili ana i ka pani ʻana i nā hale hana. .”Ma ka ʻaoʻao koi o nā mea kūʻai aku, ikaika nā kauoha hou a me nā backlogs, a e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā moku i hana ʻia e ka pani ʻana o nā hale hana ma Vietnam.Hōʻike ʻia i nā mahina e hiki mai ana.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Paulo:

“Ua hoʻi mākou i Kina inā pono.Inā manaʻo mākou ua ʻoi aku ka paʻa o kahi ʻāina i kēia manawa, ʻo ia kā mākou e hana ai.

Ua ʻōlelo ka CFO o Nike ʻo Matt Fried:

"Ke hoʻonui nei kā mākou hui i ka hiki ke hana i nā kāmaʻa ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hana lole mai Vietnam i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, e like me Indonesia a me Kina…

ʻO Roger Rollins, Luna Hoʻokele o Designer Brands, kahi kāmaʻa nui a me nā mea hoʻolālā, hana a me nā mea kūʻai aku ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, kaʻana like i ka ʻike o nā hoa e kau ana i nā kaulahao lako a hoʻi i Kina:

"Ua haʻi mai kahi CEO iaʻu he 6 mau lā ia e hoʻopau ai i ka hana hoʻolako (hoʻololi) i hana i 6 mau makahiki ma mua.E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka nui o ka ikehu i hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea a pau ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana iā Kina, akā i kēia manawa kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i nā waiwai ʻO Kina wale nō - he pupule maoli ia, e like me ka roller coaster.

Ua hoʻololi hou ʻo LoveSac, ka mea kūʻai mea kūʻai wikiwiki loa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, i nā kauoha kūʻai i nā mea hoʻolako ma Kina.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo CFO Donna Delomo:

"Ua ʻike mākou ua hoʻopilikia ʻia ka waihona waiwai mai Kina e nā kumukūʻai, e uku ʻia ai mākou i ke kālā hou aʻe, akā hiki iā mākou ke mālama i ka waihona, e hāʻawi iā mākou i kahi hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū a he mea nui loa ia no mākou a me kā mākou mea kūʻai aku."

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Hiki ke ʻike ʻia i loko o nā mahina ʻekolu o ka paʻa ʻana o Vietnamese, ua lilo nā mea hoʻolako Kina i koho pilikia no nā hui honua nui, akā ʻo Vietnam, ka mea i hoʻomaka i ka hana a me ka hana ʻana mai ʻOkakopa 1, e hoʻohui pū i nā koho hana o nā ʻoihana hana.ʻokoʻa.

Ua nānā ka luna nui o kahi hui kāmaʻa nui ma Guangdong, "(Ua hoʻoili ʻia nā kauoha i Kina) He hana pōkole kēia.He kakaikahi ka'u i ike ua hoohuli ia na hale hana.(Nike, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) ʻO nā hui multinational nui e hana mau i nā uku a puni ka honua.Aia kekahi mau hale hana ʻē aʻe.(Paʻa nā hale hana Vietnam).Inā loaʻa nā kauoha, e hana mākou ma kahi ʻē aʻe.ʻO nā mea nui i neʻe ʻia ma nā ʻāina ʻo Asia Hema, a ukali ʻia e Kina.

Ua wehewehe ʻo ia ua hoʻololi mua kekahi mau ʻoihana i ka hapa nui o ka laina hana, a he liʻiliʻi loa i koe ma Kina.He mea paʻakikī ke hoʻoponopono i ka hakahaka o ka hiki.ʻO ka hana maʻamau o nā hui ʻo ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā kauoha i nā hale hana kāmaʻa ʻē aʻe ma Kina a hoʻohana i kā lākou laina hana e hoʻopau i nā hana.Ma mua o ka hoʻi ʻana i Kina e kūkulu i nā hale hana a kūkulu i nā laina hana.

ʻO ka hoʻoili kauoha a me ka hoʻoili hale hana ʻelua manaʻo, me nā pōʻai like ʻole, nā pilikia, a me nā pono waiwai.

“Inā hoʻomaka ka koho ʻana i ka pūnaewele, ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mea kanu, ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka mea kūʻai aku, a me ka hana ʻana mai ka wā ʻōpala, ʻo ka pōʻai hoʻololi o ka hale hana kāmaʻa he hoʻokahi a me ka hapa a ʻelua paha makahiki.ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o Vietnam i ka hana a me ka hana ʻana ma lalo o 3 mau mahina.Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā kauoha Ua lawa e hoʻonā i kahi pilikia inventory no ka wā pōkole. "

Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻokuʻu aku mai Vietnam, kāpae i ke kauoha a loaʻa kahi wahi ʻē aʻe?Aia i hea ka hakahaka?

I ka wā lōʻihi, inā paha e lele ka "peacocks i ka hikina hema" a i ʻole ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o nā kauoha i Kina, ʻo ka hoʻopukapuka kālā a me ka hoʻoili hana ʻana nā koho kūʻokoʻa o nā ʻoihana e ʻimi i nā pono a pale aku i nā hemahema.ʻO nā kumukūʻai, nā koina hana, a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea hoʻoikaika nui no ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā ʻoihana.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Guo Junhong, ka luna hoʻokele o Dongguan Qiaohong Shoes Industry, i ka makahiki i hala ua noi maopopo kekahi mau mea kūʻai aku e hele mai kekahi hapa o nā hoʻouna mai nā ʻāina ʻo Asia Hema e like me Vietnam, a he ʻano paʻakikī kekahi mau mea kūʻai: "Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻokuʻu aku. mai Vietnam, e kāpae ʻoe i kāu kauoha a e ʻimi i kahi ʻē aʻe.

Ua wehewehe ʻo Guo Junhong ma muli o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana mai Vietnam a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i hiki ke hauʻoli i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka uku a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa kālā, ua hoʻoneʻe kekahi mau kālepa haole OEM i kekahi mau laina hana i Vietnam a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe.

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Ma kekahi mau wahi, hiki i ka lepili "Made in Vietnam" ke mālama i nā waiwai hou aʻe ma mua o ka lepili "Made in China".

Ma Mei 5, 2019, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Trump i ka 25% tariff ma US $ 250 biliona o nā mea lawe Kina i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.ʻO nā huahana, nā mīkini ʻenehana, nā mea pono hale, nā ukana, nā kāmaʻa, a me nā lole he mea hōʻeha koʻikoʻi i nā ʻoihana kalepa ʻē aʻe e hele nei i ke ala o nā waiwai liʻiliʻi akā hoʻololi wikiwiki.ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo Vietnam, me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ʻo ia ka lua o ka mea kūʻai aku nui loa, hāʻawi i nā lapaʻau makemake e like me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana mai nā kumukūʻai lawe mai i nā wahi hoʻoili hoʻoili.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa o nā pā kālā e hoʻolōʻihi i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā ʻoihana.ʻO ka ikaika hoʻokele o ka "peacock lele hikina hema" i hala ma mua o ka maʻi maʻi a me nā hakakā kālepa Sino-US.

I ka makahiki 2019, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi loiloi e Rabo Research, kahi manaʻo noʻonoʻo o Rabobank, ʻo ka mea hoʻokele mua i koi ʻia mai ka piʻi ʻana o ka uku.Wahi a kahi noiʻi i alakaʻi ʻia e ka Japan External Trade Organization ma 2018, 66% o nā hui Iapana i noiʻi ʻia ʻo ia kā lākou paʻakikī nui no ka hana ʻana i ka ʻoihana ma Kina.

ʻO kahi noiʻi hoʻokele waiwai a me kālepa i mālama ʻia e ka Hong Kong Trade Development Council i Nowemapa 2020 i hōʻike ʻia he 7 mau ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia Hema i loaʻa nā uku hana, a ʻo ka uku haʻahaʻa o ka mahina ma lalo o RMB 2,000, i makemake ʻia e nā hui multinational.

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He mana koʻikoʻi ko Vietnam

 

Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ua loaʻa i nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia Hikina Hema nā pōmaikaʻi i nā limahana limahana a me nā kumukūʻai uku, aia nō ka hakahaka maoli.

Ua kākau kekahi luna o kahi hui multinational i kahi ʻatikala ma Mei e kaʻana like i kona ʻike no ka mālama ʻana i kahi hale hana ma Vietnam:

“ʻAʻole oʻu makaʻu i ka hoʻohenehene.I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, lawe ʻia nā pahu lepili a me nā pahu pahu mai Kina, a i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ukana ma mua o ka waiwai o nā waiwai.ʻAʻole haʻahaʻa ke kumu kūʻai mua o ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi kaulahao lako mai ka wā ʻōpio, a ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā mea pono e lawe i ka manawa.

Hōʻike ʻia ka hakahaka i nā kālena.No ka laʻana, ʻo nā ʻenekinia ma ka ʻāina nui ʻo Kina ka nui o ka ʻike hana o 10-20 mau makahiki.Ma nā hale hana Vietnamese, ua puka nā ʻenekinia mai ke kulanui no kekahi mau makahiki, a pono nā limahana e hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana me nā mākau kumu..

ʻO ka pilikia koʻikoʻi ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai hoʻokele o ka mea kūʻai.

"ʻAʻole pono kahi hale hana maikaʻi loa i nā mea kūʻai aku e komo, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoponopono i ka 99% o nā pilikia ma o lākou iho;ʻOiai he pilikia ka hale hana hope i kēlā me kēia lā a pono i ke kōkua o nā mea kūʻai aku, a e hana hewa pinepine ia a hana hewa i nā ʻano like ʻole. "

Ke hana pū nei me ka hui Vietnamese, hiki iā ia ke launa pū me kekahi.

ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka manawa e hoʻonui ai i ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻokele.Wahi a ka poʻe i loko o ka ʻoihana, ma ka Pearl River Delta, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea maka i ka lā hoʻokahi ma hope o ke kau ʻana i ke kauoha he mea maʻamau.Ma Philippines, ʻelua pule e hoʻopaʻa a hoʻokuʻu aku i nā waiwai, a pono e hoʻolālā ʻia ka hoʻokele.

Akā naʻe, ua hūnā ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana.No nā mea kūʻai nui, ʻike ʻia nā ʻōlelo i ka maka.

Wahi a ka luna hoʻomalu o ka hui multinational, no nā lako papa kaapuni like me nā koina hana, ʻo ka ʻōlelo a Vietnam i ka pōʻai mua he 60% ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā hale hana like ma ka ʻāina nui o Kina.

No ka paʻi ʻana i ka mākeke me ka uku haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻo ka noʻonoʻo kūʻai aku o Vietnam ke aka o ka wā kahiko o Kina.

Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻōlelo ka nui o ka poʻe i loko o ka ʻoihana, "Ua manaʻo nui wau e pili ana i nā manaʻo o ka ʻoihana hana ʻo Kina e pili ana i ka ikaika ʻenehana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pae hana.ʻAʻole hiki i ka hale hana hana ke haʻalele iā Kina! "

KINA HOE MAI.JINANUBO CNCMACHINERY CO.LTD HAE MAI….


Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻOkakopa-19-2021